Elementary Meteorology Online
Chapter 1: Monitoring the Weather

Text reading

  • Chapter 1: Monitoring the Weather pp.1-17
  • Click here for pdf file (15 MB)of Chapter 1.
  • Note that you will need to buy the text to read the other chapters.

  • Online readings

    In addition to the text reading, the following will form the basis of quizzes and investigations in this chapter. You may wish to read these first as online notes are often shorter and more to-the-point than the text. Sources: Jetstream, WW2010

    Reading wind barbs

    In the investigations of this chapter, you will need to be able to read station reports of wind direction. This is not as difficult as most people think.
    • The wind symbols below indicate windspeed at a station located at the foot of each "flag". Wind barbs at the end of each flag indicate the speed. Each flag below represents a different wind speed in nautical miles per hour or knots (1 knot = 1.14 mph). Wind speed can be read by remembering:
      • half barbs represent about 5 knots (actually, 3-7 knots)
      • whole barbs represent about 10 knots (8-12 knots)
      • triangular barbs represent about 50 knots (48-52 knots).
    • Wind direction is indicated by the direction that the flag points. The wind compass belows shows the different directions that a wind may take.
      Wind barbs point in the direction that the wind is coming from. The wind barbs above point towards the northwest (NW). The wind is therfore blowing from the NW (northwest) and towards the SE (southeast). It is called a northwest wind (NW) because the wind is named after the direction it is coming from.

    Investigations 1A and 1B

      Producing annotated maps and contour images

    • You may need to practice contouring isobars using the data below before proceeding with Investigations 1A and 1B in your Investigation Manual. The following exercises will guide you through the process.
      • Please practice drawing pressure contours using online drawing program. Read instructions carefully and complete lessons 1 to 3 at contouring tutorial website.
      • Load above image above into into MSPaint, draw pressure contours, and identify wind flow around pressure systems. Step by step instructions for this can be found at Jetstream: Drawing Pressure Contours. Print out PDF file and use pencil to draw contours if you do not want to use MSPaint.
      • To produce annotated images and contoured images in MSPaint , follow the intructions below.
        • Start MS Paint (You can find this program in the "Start" Menu under the "Accessories" Menu).
        • From the "File" menu in MS Paint, choose "Open" and go to directory holding the downloaded image. Insert the image file into MS Paint.
        • Click on the small pencil icon. While holding down the left mouse button, draw your contour line on the image.
        • You can "Undo" any drawings by going to the "Edit" menu and choosing "Undo".
        • Using the "File" menu, "Save" your image using the "File" menu.

      Completing answer forms

    • Please do Investigation 1A and 1B in your lab manual. If you do not have the lab manual, you may download pdf files of these investigations at Investigation Listing at Weather Studies Investigations Manual Homepage. Not that only these Investigations will be available online. You will need to purchase the Investigation Manual for the second week of the course.
    • Fill in the online answer forms on Blackboard. To submit answers for contour drawing exercises, you will need to upload completed digital images into the Blackboard answer forms under Assignments --> Chapter 1: Monitoring Weather.
    • The online portion of both these investigations are posted at the OWS Website . The professor will e-mail you the login name and password. Seperate answer forms are posted on Blackboard for online investigations during the first week of the course.
    • To produce and contoured images in MSPaint , follow the intructions below.
      • On "Blackboard" course page, click "Assignments" --> Chapter 1: Monitoring Weather --> Investigation 1B - Manual
      • Right-click and save relevant image files.
      • Repeat process for MSPaint outlined above.
      • Upload images into Blackboard answer forms as instructed in forms.